Spirituality has been defined in many ways throughout the centuries. Again it seems to be moving to the forefront of social and political discussions as religious leaders cry out for ""spirituality"" in school and society, New Age followers propose new paths of enlightenment, and an increase in paranormal ""activity"" encourages some to believe in the afterlife. Once the exclusive property of Western monastics and Eastern mystics, spirituality is now one of the commonplace metaphors reminding us of more ancient cosmologies and anthropologies. Uncertainty, fear, personal crisis, and the search for inner power have motivated many to seek traditional religion. But today new, more modern spiritualities vie for adherents, affecting everything in our lives, from education to national policies. What are these spiritualities and how do they differ from traditional beliefs? Who is seeking them and why? What benefits do they promise, and do they deliver?


Arising from a Westminster College-Oxford conference of scholars pondering these questions, Modern Spiritualities: An Inquiry compiles sixteen essays probing a variety of themes including early Christian humor; the influence of heresy on Christian ideas of the spiritual ""man""; the ""quantum metaphysics"" of Teilhard de Chardin and Frank Tipler; Buddist, Islamic, and modern African spiritual enlightenment; New Age spirituality; and neospirituality and the paranormal.


Contributors include J.E. Barnhart, Clinton Bennett, Stephen Bigger, H. James Birx, Margaret Chatterjee, Bernard C. Farr, Robert N. Fisher, Antony Flew, R. Joseph Hoffmann, Paul Kurtz, Justin Meggitt, Peggy Morgan, Isabel Mukonyora, James Penney, Victor J. Stenger, and M.M. Thomas.